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update and prefer explicit expiration dates

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drduh 2025-04-13 16:42:40 -07:00
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@ -367,18 +367,18 @@ When Subkeys expire, they may still be used to decrypt with GnuPG and authentica
Subkeys must be renewed or rotated using the Certify key - see [Updating keys](#updating-keys). Subkeys must be renewed or rotated using the Certify key - see [Updating keys](#updating-keys).
Set the expiration date to two years: Set the Subkeys expiration to a specific date:
```console
export EXPIRATION=2027-05-01
```
The expiration date may also be relative, for example set to two years:
```console ```console
export EXPIRATION=2y export EXPIRATION=2y
``` ```
Or set the expiration date to a specific date to schedule maintenance:
```console
export EXPIRATION=2026-05-01
```
## Passphrase ## Passphrase
Generate a passphrase for the Certify key. This credential will be used to manage identity Subkeys. Generate a passphrase for the Certify key. This credential will be used to manage identity Subkeys.
@ -444,16 +444,14 @@ An alternative would be to have distinct keys but you would then require multipl
- if you have different email addresses for professional versus personal use cases, having distinct keys allow you to disassociate the identities - if you have different email addresses for professional versus personal use cases, having distinct keys allow you to disassociate the identities
- if you are also using the YubiKey as a U2F or FIDO2 device, having multiple YubiKeys is generally recommended as a backup measure - if you are also using the YubiKey as a U2F or FIDO2 device, having multiple YubiKeys is generally recommended as a backup measure
## Steps Define an array containing additional user IDs. Each array element must be wrapped in quotes and each element must be space-delimited:
Define an array containing additional user IDs. As this is bash syntax, each array element should be surrounded by quotes and each element should be separated by a space:
```console ```console
declare -a additional_uids declare -a additional_uids
additional_uids=("Super Cool YubiKey 2025" "uid 1 <uid1@example.org>") additional_uids=("Super Cool YubiKey 2025" "uid 1 <uid1@example.org>")
``` ```
Add the additional user IDs to the key: Add the additional user IDs to the Certify key:
```console ```console
for uid in "${additional_uids[@]}" ; do \ for uid in "${additional_uids[@]}" ; do \
@ -476,7 +474,7 @@ EOF
# Create Subkeys # Create Subkeys
Use the following command to generate Signature, Encryption and Authentication Subkeys using the previously configured key type, passphrase and expiration: Generate Signature, Encryption and Authentication Subkeys using the previously configured key type, passphrase and expiration:
```console ```console
for SUBKEY in sign encrypt auth ; do \ for SUBKEY in sign encrypt auth ; do \
@ -496,12 +494,12 @@ gpg -K
The output will display **[C]ertify, [S]ignature, [E]ncryption and [A]uthentication** keys: The output will display **[C]ertify, [S]ignature, [E]ncryption and [A]uthentication** keys:
```console ```console
sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2024-01-01 [C] sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2025-01-01 [C]
Key fingerprint = 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5 Key fingerprint = 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5
uid [ultimate] YubiKey User <yubikey@example> uid [ultimate] YubiKey User <yubikey@example>
ssb rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2024-01-01 [S] [expires: 2026-05-01] ssb rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2025-01-01 [S] [expires: 2027-05-01]
ssb rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2024-01-01 [E] [expires: 2026-05-01] ssb rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2025-01-01 [E] [expires: 2027-05-01]
ssb rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2024-01-01 [A] [expires: 2026-05-01] ssb rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2025-01-01 [A] [expires: 2027-05-01]
``` ```
# Backup keys # Backup keys
@ -925,12 +923,12 @@ EOF
Verify Subkeys have been moved to YubiKey with `gpg -K` and look for `ssb>`, for example: Verify Subkeys have been moved to YubiKey with `gpg -K` and look for `ssb>`, for example:
```console ```console
sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2024-01-01 [C] sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2025-01-01 [C]
Key fingerprint = 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5 Key fingerprint = 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5
uid [ultimate] YubiKey User <yubikey@example> uid [ultimate] YubiKey User <yubikey@example>
ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2024-01-01 [S] [expires: 2026-05-01] ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2025-01-01 [S] [expires: 2027-05-01]
ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2024-01-01 [E] [expires: 2026-05-01] ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2025-01-01 [E] [expires: 2027-05-01]
ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2024-01-01 [A] [expires: 2026-05-01] ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2025-01-01 [A] [expires: 2027-05-01]
``` ```
The `>` after a tag indicates the key is stored on a smart card. The `>` after a tag indicates the key is stored on a smart card.
@ -1093,18 +1091,18 @@ PIN retry counter : 3 3 3
Signature counter : 0 Signature counter : 0
KDF setting ......: on KDF setting ......: on
Signature key ....: CF5A 305B 808B 7A0F 230D A064 B3CD 10E5 02E1 9637 Signature key ....: CF5A 305B 808B 7A0F 230D A064 B3CD 10E5 02E1 9637
created ....: 2024-01-01 12:00:00 created ....: 2025-01-01 12:00:00
Encryption key....: A5FA A005 5BED 4DC9 889D 38BC 30CB E8C4 B085 B9F7 Encryption key....: A5FA A005 5BED 4DC9 889D 38BC 30CB E8C4 B085 B9F7
created ....: 2024-01-01 12:00:00 created ....: 2025-01-01 12:00:00
Authentication key: 570E 1355 6D01 4C04 8B6D E2A3 AD9E 24E1 B8CB 9600 Authentication key: 570E 1355 6D01 4C04 8B6D E2A3 AD9E 24E1 B8CB 9600
created ....: 2024-01-01 12:00:00 created ....: 2025-01-01 12:00:00
General key info..: sub rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2024-01-01 YubiKey User <yubikey@example> General key info..: sub rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2025-01-01 YubiKey User <yubikey@example>
sec# rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 created: 2024-01-01 expires: never sec# rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 created: 2025-01-01 expires: never
ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 created: 2024-01-01 expires: 2026-05-01 ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 created: 2025-01-01 expires: 2027-05-01
card-no: 0006 05553211 card-no: 0006 05553211
ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 created: 2024-01-01 expires: 2026-05-01 ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 created: 2025-01-01 expires: 2027-05-01
card-no: 0006 05553211 card-no: 0006 05553211
ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 created: 2024-01-01 expires: 2026-05-01 ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 created: 2025-01-01 expires: 2027-05-01
card-no: 0006 05553211 card-no: 0006 05553211
``` ```
@ -1185,7 +1183,7 @@ gpg --verify signed.txt
The output will be similar to: The output will be similar to:
```console ```console
gpg: Signature made Mon 01 Jan 2024 12:00:00 PM UTC gpg: Signature made Mon 01 Jan 2025 12:00:00 PM UTC
gpg: using RSA key CF5A305B808B7A0F230DA064B3CD10E502E19637 gpg: using RSA key CF5A305B808B7A0F230DA064B3CD10E502E19637
gpg: Good signature from "YubiKey User <yubikey@example>" [ultimate] gpg: Good signature from "YubiKey User <yubikey@example>" [ultimate]
Primary key fingerprint: 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5 Primary key fingerprint: 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5
@ -1931,9 +1929,7 @@ export CERTIFY_PASS=ABCD-0123-IJKL-4567-QRST-UVWX
Determine the updated expiration, for example: Determine the updated expiration, for example:
```console ```console
export EXPIRATION=2026-09-01 export EXPIRATION=2027-09-01
export EXPIRATION=2y
``` ```
Renew the Subkeys: Renew the Subkeys: