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Updated hardened Raspberry Pi guide

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Sun Knudsen 2022-06-07 07:17:22 -04:00
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95
how-to-configure-hardened-raspberry-pi/README.md
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@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ $ cat pi.pub
ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIHLwQ2fk5VvoKJ6PNdJfmtum6fTAIn7xG5vbFm0YjEGY pi ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIHLwQ2fk5VvoKJ6PNdJfmtum6fTAIn7xG5vbFm0YjEGY pi
``` ```
### Step 2: generate heredoc (the output of following command will be used at [step 11](#step-11-configure-pi-ssh-authorized-keys)) ### Step 2: generate heredoc (the output of following command will be used at [step 13](#step-13-configure-pi-ssh-authorized-keys))
```shell ```shell
cat << EOF cat << EOF
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ EOF
> Heads-up: run `diskutil list` to find disk ID of microSD card or external solid state drive to overwrite with “Raspberry Pi OS Lite” (`disk4` in the following example). > Heads-up: run `diskutil list` to find disk ID of microSD card or external solid state drive to overwrite with “Raspberry Pi OS Lite” (`disk4` in the following example).
> Heads-up: replace `diskn` and `rdiskn` with disk ID of microSD card or external solid state drive (`disk4` and `rdisk4` in the following example) and `2022-04-04-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite` with current image. > Heads-up: replace `diskn` and `rdiskn` with disk ID of microSD card or external solid state drive (`disk4` and `rdisk4` in the following example) and `2022-04-04-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img` with current image.
```console ```console
$ diskutil list $ diskutil list
@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ $ diskutil list
/dev/disk4 (external, physical): /dev/disk4 (external, physical):
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: FDisk_partition_scheme *500.1 GB disk4 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *15.9 GB disk4
1: Windows_NTFS Untitled 500.1 GB disk4s1 1: Windows_NTFS Untitled 15.9 GB disk4s1
$ sudo diskutil unmount /dev/diskn $ sudo diskutil unmount /dev/diskn
disk4 was already unmounted or it has a partitioning scheme so use "diskutil unmountDisk" instead disk4 was already unmounted or it has a partitioning scheme so use "diskutil unmountDisk" instead
@ -120,34 +120,37 @@ Unmount of all volumes on disk4 was successful
$ sudo dd bs=1m if=$HOME/Downloads/2022-04-04-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img of=/dev/rdiskn $ sudo dd bs=1m if=$HOME/Downloads/2022-04-04-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img of=/dev/rdiskn
1908+0 records in 1908+0 records in
1908+0 records out 1908+0 records out
2000683008 bytes transferred in 6.420741 secs (311596910 bytes/sec) 2000683008 bytes transferred in 239.955976 secs (8337709 bytes/sec)
$ sudo diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskn $ sudo diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskn
Unmount of all volumes on disk4 was successful Unmount of all volumes on disk4 was successful
``` ```
### Step 5: log in as pi (using keyboard) and change password using `passwd` ### Step 5: configure keyboard
> Heads-up: current password is `raspberry`. ### Step 6: create user
```console When asked for user, use `pi-admin`.
$ passwd
Changing password for pi.
Current password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
```
### Step 6: configure Wi-Fi (if not using ethernet) When asked for password, use output from `openssl rand -base64 24` (and store password in password manager).
### Step 7: configure Wi-Fi (if not using ethernet)
```shell ```shell
sudo raspi-config sudo raspi-config
``` ```
Select “System Options”, then “Wireless LAN”, choose country, then select “OK”, enter “SSID”, enter passphrase. Select “System Options”, then “Wireless LAN”, choose country, then select “OK”, enter “SSID” and, finally, enter passphrase.
### Step 7: enable SSH ### Step 8: disable auto login
```shell
sudo raspi-config
```
Select “System Options”, then “Boot / Auto Login” and, finally, select “Console”.
### Step 9: enable SSH
```shell ```shell
sudo raspi-config sudo raspi-config
@ -157,23 +160,23 @@ Select “Interface Options”, then “SSH”, then “Yes”, then “OK” an
When asked if you wish to reboot, select “No”. When asked if you wish to reboot, select “No”.
### Step 8: find IP of Raspberry Pi (see `eth0` if using ethernet or `wlan0` if using Wi-Fi) ### Step 10: find IP of Raspberry Pi (see `eth0` if using ethernet or `wlan0` if using Wi-Fi)
```shell ```shell
ip a ip a
``` ```
### Step 9: log in to Raspberry Pi over SSH ### Step 11: log in to Raspberry Pi over SSH
> Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.181` with IP of Raspberry Pi. > Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.94` with IP of Raspberry Pi.
> Heads-up: when asked for passphrase, enter passphrase from [step 5](#step-5-log-in-as-pi-using-keyboard-and-change-password-using-passwd). > Heads-up: when asked for passphrase, enter passphrase from [step 5](#step-6-create-user).
```shell ```shell
ssh pi@10.0.1.181 ssh pi-admin@10.0.1.94
``` ```
### Step 10: disable pi Bash history ### Step 12: disable pi Bash history
```shell ```shell
sed -i -E 's/^HISTSIZE=/#HISTSIZE=/' ~/.bashrc sed -i -E 's/^HISTSIZE=/#HISTSIZE=/' ~/.bashrc
@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ history -c; history -w
source ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc
``` ```
### Step 11: configure pi SSH authorized keys ### Step 13: configure pi SSH authorized keys
#### Create `.ssh` directory #### Create `.ssh` directory
@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ source ~/.bashrc
mkdir ~/.ssh mkdir ~/.ssh
``` ```
#### Create `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` using heredoc generated at [step 2](#step-2-generate-heredoc-the-output-of-following-command-will-be-used-at-step-11) #### Create `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` using heredoc generated at [step 2](#step-2-generate-heredoc-the-output-of-following-command-will-be-used-at-step-13)
```shell ```shell
cat << "_EOF" > ~/.ssh/authorized_keys cat << "_EOF" > ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
@ -199,29 +202,29 @@ ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIHLwQ2fk5VvoKJ6PNdJfmtum6fTAIn7xG5vbFm0YjEGY
_EOF _EOF
``` ```
### Step 12: log out ### Step 14: log out
```shell ```shell
exit exit
``` ```
### Step 13: log in ### Step 15: log in
> Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.181` with IP of Raspberry Pi. > Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.94` with IP of Raspberry Pi.
> Heads-up: when asked for passphrase, enter passphrase from [step 1](#step-1-create-ssh-key-pair-on-macos). > Heads-up: when asked for passphrase, enter passphrase from [step 1](#step-1-create-ssh-key-pair-on-macos).
```shell ```shell
ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi@10.0.1.181 ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi-admin@10.0.1.94
``` ```
### Step 14: switch to root ### Step 16: switch to root
```shell ```shell
sudo su - sudo su -
``` ```
### Step 15: disable root Bash history ### Step 17: disable root Bash history
```shell ```shell
echo "HISTFILESIZE=0" >> ~/.bashrc echo "HISTFILESIZE=0" >> ~/.bashrc
@ -229,13 +232,13 @@ history -c; history -w
source ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc
``` ```
### Step 16: disable pi sudo `nopassword` “feature” ### Step 18: disable pi sudo `nopassword` “feature”
```shell ```shell
rm /etc/sudoers.d/010_* rm /etc/sudoers.d/010_*
``` ```
### Step 17: set root password ### Step 19: set root password
When asked for password, use output from `openssl rand -base64 24` (and store password in password manager). When asked for password, use output from `openssl rand -base64 24` (and store password in password manager).
@ -246,7 +249,7 @@ Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully passwd: password updated successfully
``` ```
### Step 18: disable root login and password authentication ### Step 20: disable root login and password authentication
```shell ```shell
sed -i -E 's/^(#)?PermitRootLogin (prohibit-password|yes)/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i -E 's/^(#)?PermitRootLogin (prohibit-password|yes)/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
@ -254,7 +257,7 @@ sed -i -E 's/^(#)?PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/' /etc/ss
systemctl restart ssh systemctl restart ssh
``` ```
### Step 19: disable Bluetooth and Wi-Fi ### Step 21: disable Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
> Heads-up: step will take effect after reboot. > Heads-up: step will take effect after reboot.
@ -270,7 +273,7 @@ echo "dtoverlay=disable-bt" >> /boot/config.txt
echo "dtoverlay=disable-wifi" >> /boot/config.txt echo "dtoverlay=disable-wifi" >> /boot/config.txt
``` ```
### Step 20: configure sysctl (if network is IPv4-only) ### Step 22: configure sysctl (if network is IPv4-only)
> Heads-up: only run following if network is IPv4-only. > Heads-up: only run following if network is IPv4-only.
@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ EOF
sysctl -p sysctl -p
``` ```
### Step 21: enable nftables and configure firewall rules ### Step 23: enable nftables and configure firewall rules
#### Enable nftables #### Enable nftables
@ -341,7 +344,7 @@ nft add rule ip6 firewall output udp dport { domain, ntp } accept
nft add rule ip6 firewall output ct state related,established accept nft add rule ip6 firewall output ct state related,established accept
``` ```
### Step 22: log out and log in to confirm firewall is not blocking SSH ### Step 24: log out and log in to confirm firewall is not blocking SSH
#### Log out #### Log out
@ -353,19 +356,19 @@ $ exit
#### Log in #### Log in
> Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.181` with IP of Raspberry Pi. > Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.94` with IP of Raspberry Pi.
```shell ```shell
ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi@10.0.1.181 ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi-admin@10.0.1.94
``` ```
### Step 23: switch to root ### Step 25: switch to root
```shell ```shell
sudo su - sudo su -
``` ```
### Step 24: make firewall rules persistent ### Step 26: make firewall rules persistent
```shell ```shell
cat << "EOF" > /etc/nftables.conf cat << "EOF" > /etc/nftables.conf
@ -380,7 +383,7 @@ EOF
nft list ruleset >> /etc/nftables.conf nft list ruleset >> /etc/nftables.conf
``` ```
### Step 25: set timezone ### Step 27: set timezone
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones
@ -388,13 +391,13 @@ See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones
timedatectl set-timezone America/Montreal timedatectl set-timezone America/Montreal
``` ```
### Step 26: disable swap ### Step 28: disable swap
```shell ```shell
systemctl disable dphys-swapfile systemctl disable dphys-swapfile
``` ```
### Step 27: update APT index and upgrade packages ### Step 29: update APT index and upgrade packages
```console ```console
$ apt update $ apt update

4
how-to-create-encrypted-paper-backup/README.md
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@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ Listed: true
### Step 1: log in to Raspberry Pi ### Step 1: log in to Raspberry Pi
> Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.181` with IP of Raspberry Pi. > Heads-up: replace `10.0.1.94` with IP of Raspberry Pi.
```shell ```shell
ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi@10.0.1.181 ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi-admin@10.0.1.94
``` ```
### Step 2: configure console font ### Step 2: configure console font

12
how-to-self-host-hardened-bitcoin-node/README.md
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@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ Listed: true
### Step 1: log in to server or Raspberry Pi ### Step 1: log in to server or Raspberry Pi
> Heads-up: replace `~/.ssh/pi` with path to private key and `pi@10.0.1.181` with server or Raspberry Pi SSH destination. > Heads-up: replace `~/.ssh/pi` with path to private key and `pi-admin@10.0.1.94` with server or Raspberry Pi SSH destination.
```shell ```shell
ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi@10.0.1.181 ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi-admin@10.0.1.94
``` ```
### Step 2: install dependencies ### Step 2: install dependencies
@ -85,22 +85,22 @@ EOF
### Step 5: add user to sudo group ### Step 5: add user to sudo group
> Heads-up: replace `pi` with user. > Heads-up: replace `pi-admin` with user.
```shell ```shell
usermod -aG sudo pi usermod -aG sudo pi-admin
``` ```
### Step 6: log out and log in to enable sudo privileges ### Step 6: log out and log in to enable sudo privileges
> Heads-up: replace `~/.ssh/pi` with path to private key and `pi@10.0.1.181` with server or Raspberry Pi SSH destination. > Heads-up: replace `~/.ssh/pi` with path to private key and `pi-admin@10.0.1.94` with server or Raspberry Pi SSH destination.
```console ```console
$ exit $ exit
$ exit $ exit
$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi@10.0.1.181 $ ssh -i ~/.ssh/pi pi-admin@10.0.1.94
$ sudo su - $ sudo su -
``` ```