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Sun Knudsen
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README.md
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README.md
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# Privacy guides reference material
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Most [privacy guides](https://www.youtube.com/sunknudsen) episodes on YouTube don’t need reference material, but when they do, it lands here.
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Wish to contribute? Please submit an [issue](https://github.com/sunknudsen/privacy-guides/issues) or a [pull request](https://github.com/sunknudsen/privacy-guides/pulls).
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<!--
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||||
Title: How to create a Signal account without using your personal phone number
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||||
Description: Learn how to create a Signal account without using your personal phone number.
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||||
Author: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
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||||
Contributors: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
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Publication date: 2020-06-04T00:00:00.000Z
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||||
-->
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# How to create a Signal account without using your personal phone number
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[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9aMJZjZ4pw "How to create a Signal account without using your personal phone number - YouTube")
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Don’t forger to replace `+12345678901` with your mobile phone number.
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<Response>
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<Message to="+12345678901">
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{{From}}: {{Body}}
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</Message>
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</Response>
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```
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<!--
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||||
Title: How to encrypt, sign and decrypt messages using PGP on macOS (adding privacy to email)
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||||
Description: Learn how to encrypt, sign and decrypt messages using PGP on macOS (adding privacy to email).
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||||
Author: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
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||||
Contributors: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
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Publication date: 2020-06-18T00:00:00.000Z
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||||
-->
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# How to encrypt, sign and decrypt messages using PGP on macOS (adding privacy to email)
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> WARNING: this is a getting started guide. For a hardened guide, see https://github.com/drduh/YubiKey-Guide.
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## Installation guide
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**Step 1: install Homebrew**
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See https://brew.sh/
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```shell
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/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"
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```
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**Step 2: disable analytics**
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```shell
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brew analytics off
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```
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**Step 3: install GnuPG**
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```shell
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brew install gnupg
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```
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**Step 4: generate PGP key pair**
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```shell
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$ gpg --full-generate-key
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gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.20; Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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gpg: directory '/Users/johndoe/.gnupg' created
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gpg: keybox '/Users/johndoe/.gnupg/pubring.kbx' created
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Please select what kind of key you want:
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(1) RSA and RSA (default)
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(2) DSA and Elgamal
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(3) DSA (sign only)
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(4) RSA (sign only)
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(14) Existing key from card
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Your selection? 1
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RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
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What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096
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Requested keysize is 4096 bits
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Please specify how long the key should be valid.
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0 = key does not expire
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<n> = key expires in n days
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<n>w = key expires in n weeks
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<n>m = key expires in n months
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<n>y = key expires in n years
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Key is valid for? (0) 0
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Key does not expire at all
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Is this correct? (y/N) y
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GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
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Real name: John Doe
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Email address: john@example.net
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Comment:
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You selected this USER-ID:
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"John Doe <john@example.net>"
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Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O
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We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
|
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some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
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disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
|
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generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
|
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We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
|
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some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
|
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disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
|
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generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
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gpg: /Users/johndoe/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
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gpg: key 1BDC94DFB97BE4D4 marked as ultimately trusted
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gpg: directory '/Users/johndoe/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d' created
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gpg: revocation certificate stored as '/Users/johndoe/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/F365EDCF06F4D9F09BB7D4EB1BDC94DFB97BE4D4.rev'
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public and secret key created and signed.
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pub rsa4096 2020-06-16 [SC]
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F365EDCF06F4D9F09BB7D4EB1BDC94DFB97BE4D4
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uid John Doe <john@example.net>
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sub rsa4096 2020-06-16 [E]
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```
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**Step 5: set default PGP key server to `hkps://keys.openpgp.org`**
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```shell
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echo "keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org" >> ~/.gnupg/dirmngr.conf
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```
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|
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---
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## Usage guide
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**Export John’s PGP public key**
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```shell
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gpg --armor --export john@example.net > ~/Desktop/john.asc
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```
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**Import Sun’s PGP public key**
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```shell
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gpg --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys 0xC1323A377DE14C8B
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```
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or
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```shell
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curl https://sunknudsen.com/sunknudsen.asc | gpg --import
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```
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|
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**Confirm Sun’s PGP public key is legit using its fingerprint**
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```shell
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$ gpg --fingerprint hello@sunknudsen.com
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gpg: checking the trustdb
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gpg: marginals needed: 3 completes needed: 1 trust model: pgp
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gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
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pub rsa4096 2019-10-17 [C]
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C4FB DDC1 6A26 2672 920D 0A0F C132 3A37 7DE1 4C8B
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uid [ unknown] Sun Knudsen <hello@sunknudsen.com>
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sub rsa4096 2019-10-17 [A] [expires: 2020-10-16]
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sub rsa4096 2019-10-17 [E] [expires: 2020-10-16]
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sub rsa4096 2019-10-17 [S] [expires: 2020-10-16]
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```
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|
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See https://sunknudsen.com/, https://github.com/sunknudsen/pgp-public-key and https://www.youtube.com/sunknudsen/about and make sure fingerprint `C4FB DDC1 6A26 2672 920D 0A0F C132 3A37 7DE1 4C8B` matches the one published.
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|
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👍
|
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|
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**Paste, encrypt and sign message (enter line break and use command `ctrl+d` to quit edit mode)**
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|
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```shell
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$ gpg --encrypt --sign --armor --output ~/Desktop/encrypted.asc -r john@example.net -r hello@sunknudsen.com
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gpg: 5574F4B0B0F67D7F: There is no assurance this key belongs to the named user
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|
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sub rsa4096/5574F4B0B0F67D7F 2019-10-17 Sun Knudsen <hello@sunknudsen.com>
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Primary key fingerprint: C4FB DDC1 6A26 2672 920D 0A0F C132 3A37 7DE1 4C8B
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Subkey fingerprint: 35A2 7551 E77C 3ED9 8527 032A 5574 F4B0 B0F6 7D7F
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|
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It is NOT certain that the key belongs to the person named
|
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in the user ID. If you *really* know what you are doing,
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you may answer the next question with yes.
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|
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Use this key anyway? (y/N) y
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This is a test!
|
||||
```
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|
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**Decrypt message to stdout and decode quoted-printable characters**
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```shell
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$ gpg --decrypt /Users/johndoe/Desktop/encrypted.asc | perl -MMIME::QuotedPrint -0777 -nle 'print decode_qp($_)'
|
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gpg: encrypted with 4096-bit RSA key, ID 5574F4B0B0F67D7F, created 2019-10-17
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"Sun Knudsen <hello@sunknudsen.com>"
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gpg: encrypted with 4096-bit RSA key, ID 0DA22A1AC7DBA3F9, created 2020-06-16
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"John Doe <john@example.net>"
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gpg: Signature made Thu 18 Jun 10:45:04 2020 EDT
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gpg: using RSA key F365EDCF06F4D9F09BB7D4EB1BDC94DFB97BE4D4
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gpg: Good signature from "John Doe <john@example.net>" [ultimate]
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This is a test!
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```
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**Clear passphrase from GnuPG cache**
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|
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```shell
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gpg-connect-agent reloadagent /bye
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```
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<!--
|
||||
Title: How to mitigate fingerprinting and IP leaks using Firefox advanced preferences
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||||
Description: Learn how to mitigate fingerprinting and IP leaks using Firefox advanced preferences.
|
||||
Author: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Contributors: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Publication date: 2020-05-15T00:00:00.000Z
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
# How to mitigate fingerprinting and IP leaks using Firefox advanced preferences
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYoJ7U0OMCY "How to mitigate fingerprinting and IP leaks using Firefox advanced preferences - YouTube")
|
||||
|
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**Step 1: make sure you are running the latest version of Firefox**
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 2: make sure you configured Firefox for privacy using [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH4DdXC0RFw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH4DdXC0RFw)**
|
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|
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**Step 3: in `Privacy & Security`, disable `Deceptive Content and Dangerous Software Protection`**
|
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|
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**Step 4: open `about:config` and set the following**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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dom.event.clipboardevents.enabled = false
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geo.enabled = false
|
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media.eme.enabled = false
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media.navigator.enabled = false
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media.peerconnection.enabled = false
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network.dns.disablePrefetch = true
|
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network.http.sendRefererHeader = 0
|
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network.prefetch-next = false
|
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privacy.firstparty.isolate = true
|
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privacy.resistFingerprinting = true
|
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privacy.trackingprotection.enabled = true
|
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webgl.disabled = true
|
||||
```
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<!--
|
||||
Title: How to protect Mac computers from cold boot attacks (also known as an evil maid attack)
|
||||
Description: Learn how to protect Mac computers from cold boot attacks (also known as an evil maid attack).
|
||||
Author: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Contributors: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Publication date: 2020-06-05T00:00:00.000Z
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
# How to protect Mac computers from cold boot attacks (also known as an evil maid attack)
|
||||
|
||||
[.png>)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_M18sq0TIQ "How to protect Mac computers from cold boot attacks (also known as an evil maid attack) - YouTube")
|
||||
|
||||
**Run the following `pmset` command using the Terminal.**
|
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|
||||
```shell
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sudo pmset -a destroyfvkeyonstandby 1 hibernatemode 25 standbydelaylow 0 standbydelayhigh 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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`destroyfvkeyonstandby 1` tells macOS to destroy your password (override it with random data) when your computer goes to standby mode.
|
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|
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`hibernatemode 25` tells macOS to store the content of the RAM to the hard drive (which is encrypted using FileVault) and power off the RAM (which clears its data).
|
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|
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`standbydelaylow 0` tells macOS to enable standby mode immediately when your battery is low and you put your computer to sleep.
|
||||
|
||||
`standbydelayhigh 0` tells macOS to enable standby mode immediately when your battery is high and you put your computer to sleep.
|
||||
|
||||
See `man pmset` for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Want things back the way they were before following this guide? No problem!
|
||||
|
||||
**Run the following `pmset` command using the Terminal.**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
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sudo pmset -a destroyfvkeyonstandby 0 hibernatemode 3 standbydelaylow 10800 standbydelayhigh 86400
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```
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<!--
|
||||
Title: How to spoof (anonymize) your MAC address and hostname automatically at boot on macOS
|
||||
Description: Learn how to spoof (anonymize) your MAC address and hostname automatically at boot on macOS.
|
||||
Author: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Contributors: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Publication date: 2020-05-19T00:00:00.000Z
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
# How to spoof (anonymize) your MAC address and hostname automatically at boot on macOS
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASXANpr_zX8 "How to spoof (anonymize) your MAC address and hostname automatically at boot on macOS - YouTube")
|
||||
|
||||
> Heads up: unfortunately this guide does not work on Macs equipped with the new T2 chip running macOS Mojave. If that’s your case, please consider upgrading to Catalina.
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 1: create `/usr/local/sbin` folder**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sudo mkdir /usr/local/sbin
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||||
sudo chown $(whoami):admin /usr/local/sbin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 2: create `spoof.sh` script**
|
||||
|
||||
**Pro tip 1: when copy/pasting commands that start with `cat << "EOF"`, select all lines (from `cat << "EOF"` to `EOF`) at once as they are part of the same (single) command**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/sbin/spoof.sh
|
||||
#! /bin/sh
|
||||
|
||||
set -e
|
||||
|
||||
export LC_CTYPE=C
|
||||
|
||||
dirname=`dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}"`
|
||||
|
||||
# Spoof computer name
|
||||
model_name=`system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | awk '/Model Name/ {$1=$2=""; print $0}' | sed -e 's/^[ ]*//'`
|
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first_name=`sed "$(jot -r 1 1 2048)q;d" $dirname/first_names.txt | sed -e 's/[^a-zA-Z]//g'`
|
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computer_name=`echo "$first_name’s $model_name"`
|
||||
host_name=`echo $computer_name | sed -e 's/’//g' | sed -e 's/ /-/g'`
|
||||
sudo scutil --set ComputerName "$computer_name"
|
||||
sudo scutil --set LocalHostName "$host_name"
|
||||
sudo scutil --set HostName "$host_name"
|
||||
echo "Spoofed hostname to $host_name"
|
||||
|
||||
# Spoof MAC address of en0 interface
|
||||
mac_address_prefix=`sed "$(jot -r 1 1 768)q;d" $dirname/mac_address_prefixes.txt | sed -e 's/[^A-F0-9:]//g'`
|
||||
mac_address_suffix=`openssl rand -hex 3 | sed 's/\(..\)/\1:/g; s/.$//'`
|
||||
mac_address=`echo "$mac_address_prefix:$mac_address_suffix" | awk '{print toupper($0)}'`
|
||||
sudo ifconfig en0 ether "$mac_address"
|
||||
echo "Spoofed MAC address of en0 interface to $mac_address"
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Ok, a lot is happening here. Let’s break it down into reviewable pieces.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
set -e
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Exit on error
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
export LC_CTYPE=C
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Fix `sed: RE error: illegal byte sequence` [sed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed) error
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
dirname=`dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}"`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set variable `dirname` to path of `spoof.sh`
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
model_name=`system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | awk '/Model Name/ {$1=$2=""; print $0}' | sed -e 's/^[ ]*//'`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set variable `model_name` to the model of your Mac
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
first_name=`sed "$(jot -r 1 1 2048)q;d" $dirname/first_names.txt | sed -e 's/[^a-zA-Z]//g'`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set variable `first_name` to random first name found in `first_names.txt`
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
computer_name=`echo "$first_name’s $model_name"`
|
||||
host_name=`echo $computer_name | sed -e 's/’//g' | sed -e 's/ /-/g'`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set variables `computer_name` and `host_name` using values from variables `first_name`, `model_name` and `computer_name`
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sudo scutil --set ComputerName "$computer_name"
|
||||
sudo scutil --set LocalHostName "$host_name"
|
||||
sudo scutil --set HostName "$host_name"
|
||||
echo "Spoofed hostname to $host_name"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set `ComputerName`, `LocalHostName` and `HostName` using [scutil](https://ss64.com/osx/scutil.html) and echo spoofed computer name
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
mac_address_prefix=`sed "$(jot -r 1 1 768)q;d" $dirname/mac_address_prefixes.txt | sed -e 's/[^A-F0-9:]//g'`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set variable `mac_address_prefix` to random Apple MAC address prefix found in `mac_address_prefixes.txt`
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
mac_address_suffix=`openssl rand -hex 3 | sed 's/\(..\)/\1:/g; s/.$//'`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set variable `mac_address_suffix` to random value genereated by [OpenSSL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSL)
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
mac_address=`echo "$mac_address_prefix:$mac_address_suffix" | awk '{print toupper($0)}'`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set variable `mac_address` using values from variables `mac_address_prefix` and `mac_address_suffix` and convert to upper case
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sudo ifconfig en0 ether "$mac_address"
|
||||
echo "Spoofed MAC address of en0 interface to $mac_address"x
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set spoofed MAC address using [ifconfig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifconfig) and echo spoofed MAC address
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 3: make `spoof.sh` executable**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/spoof.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 4: download [first_names.txt](first_names.txt)**
|
||||
|
||||
This list includes the top 2048 most popular baby names from the [USA Social Security Administration](https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/limits.html).
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
curl -o /usr/local/sbin/first_names.txt https://sunknudsen.com/static/media/privacy-guides/spoof-anonymize-your-mac-address-and-hostname-automatically-at-boot-on-macos/first_names.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 5: download [mac_address_prefixes.txt](mac_address_prefixes.txt)**
|
||||
|
||||
This list includes 768 Apple MAC address prefixes.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
curl -o /usr/local/sbin/mac_address_prefixes.txt https://sunknudsen.com/static/media/privacy-guides/spoof-anonymize-your-mac-address-and-hostname-automatically-at-boot-on-macos/mac_address_prefixes.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 6: create `local.spoof.plist` launch daemon**
|
||||
|
||||
This step is responsible for running `spoof.sh` every time your Mac boots.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
cat << "EOF" | sudo tee /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.spoof.plist > /dev/null
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
|
||||
<plist version="1.0">
|
||||
<dict>
|
||||
<key>Label</key>
|
||||
<string>spoof.sh</string>
|
||||
|
||||
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
|
||||
<array>
|
||||
<string>/usr/local/sbin/spoof.sh</string>
|
||||
</array>
|
||||
|
||||
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
|
||||
<true/>
|
||||
</dict>
|
||||
</plist>
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 7: reboot and confirm hostname and MAC address have been spoofed**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# Spoofed hostname
|
||||
scutil --get HostName
|
||||
|
||||
# Spoofed MAC address
|
||||
ifconfig en0 | grep ether | awk '{print $2}'
|
||||
|
||||
# Hardware MAC address
|
||||
networksetup -listallhardwareports | awk -v RS= '/en0/{print $NF}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
"Spoofed hostname" is random and "Spoofed MAC address" doesn’t match "Hardware MAC address"?
|
||||
|
||||
👍
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Want things back the way they were before following this guide? No problem!
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 1: set computer name, local hostname and hostname**
|
||||
|
||||
Replace `John Doe` with a value to your liking. Don’t forget to replace empty spaces by `-` for `LocalHostName` and `HostName`.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sudo scutil --set ComputerName "John Doe"
|
||||
sudo scutil --set LocalHostName "John-Doe"
|
||||
sudo scutil --set HostName "John-Doe"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 2: set MAC address to factory value**
|
||||
|
||||
Given MAC address spoofing is ephemeral, deleting the `/Library/LaunchDaemons/local.spoof.plist` launch daemon and rebooting will reset your MAC address to its factory value.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sudo rm /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.spoof.plist
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 3 (optional): delete script and datasets**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
rm /usr/local/sbin/spoof.sh
|
||||
rm /usr/local/sbin/first_names.txt
|
||||
rm /usr/local/sbin/mac_address_prefixes.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
Title: How to use multiple compartmentalized Firefox instances simultaneously using profiles
|
||||
Description: Learn how to use multiple compartmentalized Firefox instances simultaneously using profiles.
|
||||
Author: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Contributors: Sun Knudsen <https://github.com/sunknudsen>
|
||||
Publication date: 2020-05-13T00:00:00.000Z
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
# How to use multiple compartmentalized Firefox instances simultaneously using profiles
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Upib_vq_EB8 "How to use multiple compartmentalized Firefox instances simultaneously using profiles - YouTube")
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 1: create Firefox profile**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin -p
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 2: open Firefox profile**
|
||||
|
||||
**Heads-up:** in the following command, make sure you replace `work` by the name of your profile. If the name includes spaces, please use quotes (example: `-p "Work Profile"`).
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
nohup /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin -p work --no-remote > /dev/null 2>&1 &
|
||||
```
|
||||
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|
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